在今天的大眾媒體和圖書市場(chǎng)上,到處充斥著關(guān)于潛能提升、心理操控、色彩星座、催眠讀心等偽裝成心理學(xué)的主題,更有一些偽心理學(xué)家、所謂的心理治療師打著心理學(xué)的旗號(hào)欺世盜名,從中漁利。在浩如煙海、良莠不齊的心理學(xué)信息面前,如何撥除迷霧,去偽存真,成為一個(gè)明智的心理學(xué)信息的消費(fèi)者?這本書將教給你科學(xué)實(shí)用的批判性思維技能,將真正的心理學(xué)研究從偽心理學(xué)中區(qū)分出來,告訴你什么才是真正的心理學(xué)。
《這才是心理學(xué)》第1版出版于1983年,30多年來一直被奉為心理學(xué)入門經(jīng)典,在全球大學(xué)中享有盛譽(yù),現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前的是英文第10版。這本書并不同于一般的心理學(xué)導(dǎo)論類教材,很多內(nèi)容是心理學(xué)課堂上不曾講授的,也是許多心理學(xué)教師在教學(xué)中感到只可意會(huì)而不可言傳的。作者正是從此初衷出發(fā),以幽默生動(dòng)的語言,結(jié)合一些妙趣橫生、貼近生活的實(shí)例,深入淺出地介紹了可證偽性、操作主義、實(shí)證主義、安慰劑效應(yīng)、相關(guān)和因果、概率推理等心理學(xué)中的基本原則。與上一版相比,第10版更新了的研究資料和實(shí)例以及172篇參考文獻(xiàn)。
本書不僅適合于心理學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生,有助于建立心理學(xué)研究中必要的批判性思維技能與意識(shí),而其通俗易讀性也非常適合所有對(duì)心理學(xué)感興趣的讀者,它將幫助你糾正對(duì)心理學(xué)的種種誤解,學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立地評(píng)估心理學(xué)信息,用科學(xué)的精神和方法理解自己和他人的行為。此外,由于心理學(xué)與其他學(xué)科的共通性,本書也不失為一本精彩有趣的科學(xué)哲學(xué)類讀物。
撥除迷霧,去偽存真,教你如何使用批判性思維,在“偽心理學(xué)”橫行的時(shí)代分辨出什么才是真正的心理學(xué);
清華大學(xué)心理學(xué)系系主任彭凱平教授特別推薦給普通讀者的心理學(xué)入門讀物;
科學(xué)松鼠會(huì)推薦的心理學(xué)必讀書籍;
全球300多所心理學(xué)院校采用的心理學(xué)入門教材;
第10版,英文原版,原汁原味。
基思 斯坦諾維奇(Keith E. Stanovich),目前擔(dān)任加拿大多倫多大學(xué)人類發(fā)展與應(yīng)用心理學(xué)的國家首席教授,他的研究領(lǐng)域是推理和閱讀的心理學(xué)機(jī)制。他于2010年獲得格威爾美爾教育獎(jiǎng)(Grawemeyer Award in Education)。他至今已發(fā)表了200多篇科學(xué)論文。在一項(xiàng)對(duì)于論文引用率的調(diào)查中,斯坦諾維奇位列引用率較高的50位發(fā)展心理學(xué)家之一,也是25位較高產(chǎn)的教育心理學(xué)家之一。他所撰寫的《這才是心理學(xué)》(How to Think Straight about Psychology)一書被全球300多所心理學(xué)高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)采用。
Preface xi
1 Psychology Is Alive and Well (and Doing Fine Among the Sciences) 1
The Freud Problem 1
The Diversity of Modern Psychology 3
Implications of Diversity 4
Unity in Science 6
What, Then, Is Science? 8
Systematic Empiricism 9
Publicly Verifiable Knowledge: Replication and Peer Review 10
Empirically Solvable Problems: Scientists’ Search for Testable Theories 12
Psychology and Folk Wisdom: The Problem with “Common Sense” 13
Psychology as a Young Science 17
Summary 18
2 Falsifiability: How to Foil Little Green Men in the Head 21
Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion 22
The Theory of Knocking Rhythms 23
Freud and Falsifiability 24
The Little Green Men 26
Not All Confirmations Are Equal 28
Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom 29
The Freedom to Admit a Mistake 29
Thoughts Are Cheap 32
Errors in Science: Getting Closer to the Truth 33
Summary 36
3 Operationism and Essentialism: “But, Doctor,What Does It Really Mean?” 37
Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists 37
Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words 38
Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events 39
Reliability and Validity 40
Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions 42
Scientific Concepts Evolve 43
Operational Definitions in Psychology 45
Operationism as a Humanizing Force 47
Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 49
Summary 51
4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence: Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 53
The Place of the Case Study 54
Why Testimonials Are Worthless: Placebo Effects 56
The “Vividness” Problem 59
The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case 62
The Amazing Randi: Fighting Fire with Fire 64
Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience 65
Summary 71
5 Correlation and Causation: Birth Control
by the Toaster Method 73
The Third-Variable Problem: Goldberger and Pellagra 74
Why Goldberger’s Evidence Was Better 75
The Directionality Problem 78
Selection Bias 79
Summary 83
6 Getting Things Under Control: The Case of Clever Hans 85
Snow and Cholera 86
Comparison, Control, and Manipulation 87
Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation
Defines the True Experiment 88
The Importance of Control Groups 90
The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse 95
Clever Hans in the 1990s 97
Prying Variables Apart: Special Conditions 100
Intuitive Physics 102
Intuitive Psychology 103
Summary 106
7 “But It’s Not Real Life!”: The “Artificiality” Criticism and Psychology 107
Why Natural Isn’t Always Necessary 107
The “Random Sample” Confusion 108
The Random Assignment Versus Random Sample Distinction 109
Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications 110
Applications of Psychological Theory 115
The “College Sophomore” Problem 117
The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective 120
Summary 121
8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome: The Importance of Converging Evidence 123
The Connectivity Principle 124
A Consumer’s Rule: Beware of Violations of Connectivity 125
The “Great-Leap” Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model 126
Converging Evidence: Progress Despite Flaws 128
Converging Evidence in Psychology 130
Scientific Consensus 134
Methods and the Convergence Principle 136
The Progression to More Powerful Methods 137
A Counsel Against Despair 139
Summary 142
9 The Misguided Search for the “Magic Bullet”: The Issue of Multiple Causation 143
The Concept of Interaction 144
The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation 147
Summary 150
10 The Achilles’ Heel of Human Cognition:
Probabilistic Reasoning 151
“Person-Who” Statistics 153
Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstanding
of Psychology 154
Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning 156
Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information 157
Failure to Use Sample-Size Information 159
The Gambler’s Fallacy 161
A Further Word About Statistics and Probability 163
Summary 165
11 The Role of Chance in Psychology 167
The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events 167
Explaining Chance: Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control 170
Chance and Psychology 172
Coincidence 172
Personal Coincidences 175
Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error: Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction 176
Summary 183
12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 185
Psychology’s Image Problem 185
Psychology and Parapsychology 186
The Self-Help Literature 188
Recipe Knowledge 190
Psychology and Other Disciplines 192
Our Own Worst Enemies 193
Isn’t Everyone a Psychologist? Implicit Theories of Behavior 199
The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology 200
The Final Word 205
References 207
Credits 229
Name Index 230
Subject Index 237
這本“與眾不同的心理學(xué)”教科書,總結(jié)了心理學(xué)家的職業(yè)特質(zhì),讓每一位讀者都有機(jī)會(huì)去理解我們心理學(xué)家是如何去思考、分析和解讀人類的行為和心理的。每一章都將一個(gè)常識(shí)的、樸素的、直覺的有關(guān)人類心理的分析和思考與一個(gè)科學(xué)的、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹⑿睦韺W(xué)的分析和思考相對(duì)比,以幫助讀者理解心理學(xué)家的分析邏輯和研究思路。
彭凱平教授 清華大學(xué)心理學(xué)系系主任
美國加州大學(xué)伯克利分校心理學(xué)系終身教授
這本書在第1版時(shí),我已經(jīng)開始把它推薦給我的學(xué)生,那是三十多年前的事了。現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)出到第10版了,可見它深受幾代老師及學(xué)生的喜愛。這本書之所以能如此有生命力,我想主要是因?yàn)樽髡吣馨岩粋€(gè)非常枯燥及嚴(yán)肅的題材講得那么生動(dòng)易懂,引起老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上熱烈的討論及哈哈的笑聲。閱讀本書,可以讓人們認(rèn)識(shí)到及分辨出什么樣的研究及數(shù)據(jù)才是真正科學(xué)的及可信的。為此,我不單只把它推薦給大專院校心理學(xué)系的學(xué)生作為研究方法課的教材,也強(qiáng)烈推薦給一般讀者。
楊中芳教授
中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院社會(huì)學(xué)研究所社會(huì)心理研究中心客座研究員
心理學(xué)本身已經(jīng)離弗洛伊德那個(gè)年代很遠(yuǎn)很遠(yuǎn)了。如果你是一個(gè)心理學(xué)愛好者,或者心理學(xué)初學(xué)者,又或者是高考填志愿想選擇心理學(xué)為專業(yè)的學(xué)生,都強(qiáng)烈建議你們看一下這本書,這也許與你想象中的心理學(xué)有巨大的差別,但是這才是目前心理學(xué)發(fā)展的真正方向!
讀者
是英文版,我的英文不好,喜歡心理學(xué),就一同來研究學(xué)習(xí)。印刷及紙質(zhì)、包裝都很好。
很喜歡!!!
沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨沒貨
對(duì)于專業(yè)課非常有幫助